Question 1
What is a pathogen?
- A microorganism that causes disease
- A white blood cell that destroys microbes
- A chemical used in vaccination
- A nutrient needed for immune function
Question 2
Which pathogen group reproduces inside host cells?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
Question 3
Malaria is caused by which type of pathogen?
- Protist
- Virus
- Bacterium
- Fungus
Question 4
What is measles caused by?
- Virus
- Bacterium
- Fungus
- Protist
Question 5
How is food poisoning by Salmonella usually spread?
- By eating contaminated food, especially undercooked poultry or eggs
- By mosquito bites
- By breathing in polluted air
- By having a vitamin C deficiency
Question 6
How is gonorrhoea mainly treated?
- With antibiotics
- With antihistamines
- With vaccines after infection
- With painkillers only
Question 7
Why can gonorrhoea become difficult to treat?
- Some strains are resistant to antibiotics
- It is caused by a non-living toxin
- It can only be treated with vaccines
- It never causes symptoms so cannot be diagnosed
Question 8
Why are antibiotics not used to treat viral infections?
- Antibiotics target bacterial processes, not virus replication
- Viruses are too large to be affected by antibiotics
- Antibiotics only work in winter
- Viruses always cause mild symptoms
Question 9
Who discovered penicillin?
- Alexander Fleming
- Edward Jenner
- Louis Pasteur
- Robert Koch
Question 10
How do painkillers help?
- By reducing symptoms such as pain or fever
- By killing bacteria directly
- By destroying viruses in cells
- By producing antibodies
Question 11
Which body feature acts as a physical barrier against pathogens?
- Skin
- Red blood cells
- Platelets
- Insulin
Question 12
How do cilia and mucus in the airways protect the body?
- Mucus traps pathogens and cilia move it out of the lungs
- Cilia digest bacteria using enzymes
- Mucus produces white blood cells
- They pump oxygen into blood
Question 13
What is phagocytosis?
- Engulfing and digesting pathogens by white blood cells
- Producing antibodies in red blood cells
- Blocking blood flow to infected tissue
- Converting antigens into vaccines
Question 14
Why are antibodies effective against specific pathogens?
- Each antibody has a complementary shape to a particular antigen
- All antibodies destroy every pathogen equally
- Antibodies work by dissolving skin barriers
- Antibodies only bind to oxygen molecules
Question 15
How does vaccination reduce disease spread in a population?
- It increases immunity so fewer people can pass on the pathogen
- It kills pathogens already inside all vaccinated people
- It removes all mutations in pathogens
- It replaces the need for any hygiene measures
Question 16
What is a key advantage of using monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis?
- They bind to one specific target molecule
- They kill all pathogens regardless of type
- They work only outside the human body
- They always give immunity for life
Question 17
What does rose black spot disease usually cause in plants?
- Reduced photosynthesis and stunted growth
- Increased seed production
- Faster mineral uptake in roots
- Complete immunity to aphids
Question 18
How is tobacco mosaic virus commonly spread between plants?
- By direct contact and insect vectors
- By roots absorbing infected mineral ions
- By spontaneous mutation in each leaf
- By only airborne dust with no contact
Question 19
How do aphids most directly reduce crop yield?
- By acting as vectors that transmit plant pathogens
- By producing antibiotics in the phloem
- By increasing chlorophyll concentration
- By converting sugars into mineral ions
Question 20
Which practice helps reduce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
- Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use
- Using antibiotics for viral sore throats
- Stopping treatment immediately symptoms improve
- Sharing leftover antibiotics with others