Question 1
Which type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus?
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Prokaryotic cell
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Eukaryotic cell
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Plant cell
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Animal cell
Question 2
In most bacterial cells, where is the main genetic material found?
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As a single circular DNA loop in the cytoplasm
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Inside a nucleus
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Inside chloroplasts
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In mitochondria only
Question 3
What are plasmids in bacteria?
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Small rings of extra DNA
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Membrane-bound organelles for respiration
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Protein-making organelles
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Large vacuoles full of cell sap
Question 4
What is the function of ribosomes?
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Protein synthesis
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Aerobic respiration
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Storage of cell sap
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Control of cell activities
Question 5
What does resolution mean in microscopy?
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How well two close points can be seen as separate
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How large the image appears
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How thick the specimen is
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How bright the lamp is
Question 6
Which equation is used to calculate magnification?
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\(\text{magnification} = \frac{\text{image size}}{\text{real size}}\)
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\(\text{magnification} = \text{image size} \times \text{real size}\)
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\(\text{magnification} = \frac{\text{real size}}{\text{image size}}\)
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\(\text{magnification} = \text{real size} - \text{image size}\)
Question 7
A cell image is \(40\,\mathrm{mm}\) and the real cell is \(0.2\,\mathrm{mm}\). What is the magnification?
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\(200\times\)
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\(8\times\)
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\(20\times\)
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\(400\times\)
Question 8
A bacterium is \(5\,\mathrm{\mu m}\) long. What is this in millimetres?
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\(0.005\,\mathrm{mm}\)
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\(0.05\,\mathrm{mm}\)
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\(0.0005\,\mathrm{mm}\)
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\(5\,\mathrm{mm}\)
Question 9
What is a stem cell?
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An unspecialised cell that can divide and differentiate
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A fully specialised cell that cannot divide
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A bacterial cell with plasmids
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A dead cell used only for support
Question 10
Which cells can differentiate into many different cell types in early development?
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Embryonic stem cells
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Red blood cells
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Nerve cells
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Muscle fibres
Question 11
In plants, where are stem cells mainly found?
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Meristem tissue
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Xylem vessels
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Phloem vessels
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Guard cells
Question 12
Why is cell differentiation important in multicellular organisms?
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It allows cells to become specialised for different functions
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It makes all cells identical
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It stops growth after birth
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It prevents all cell division
Question 13
Which adaptation of a sperm cell helps it swim toward an egg?
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A flagellum
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A large permanent vacuole
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A cellulose cell wall
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Chloroplasts
Question 14
Which adaptation helps root hair cells absorb water and mineral ions?
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A long projection that increases surface area
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A thick waxy layer
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No cell membrane
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No mitochondria
Question 15
What is diffusion?
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Net movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
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Movement of water through a partially permeable membrane
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Movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration using energy
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Random movement of whole cells in blood
Question 16
What is osmosis?
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Net movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from dilute to concentrated solution
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Net movement of solute particles from high to low concentration
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Movement of water from concentrated to dilute solution using energy
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Diffusion of oxygen into red blood cells
Question 17
Which process moves substances from low to high concentration using energy from respiration?
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Active transport
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Diffusion
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Osmosis
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Condensation
Question 18
Why can root hair cells take up mineral ions even when soil concentration is lower than inside the cell?
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They use active transport
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They use osmosis
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They use simple diffusion only
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They use transpiration in the nucleus
Question 19
What usually happens to an animal cell in a very dilute solution?
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It gains water and may burst
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It loses water and shrinks
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It becomes turgid because of a cell wall
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It stops diffusion completely
Question 20
Why can an electron microscope show more detail than a light microscope?
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It has higher resolution
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It has lower magnification
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It always uses living specimens
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It does not need a vacuum