Question 1
What is homeostasis?
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Regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions for cells
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The release of hormones only during stress
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A process that increases body temperature at all times
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Control of growth by natural selection
Question 2
Which internal condition is controlled by homeostasis?
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Body temperature
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Eye colour
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Number of chromosomes
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Blood group
Question 3
In control systems, what do receptors detect?
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Stimuli
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Responses only
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Hormones only
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Enzymes in target cells
Question 4
Which part of the brain regulates body temperature and water balance?
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Hypothalamus
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Cerebellum
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Medulla
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Pituitary gland
Question 5
What is the role of insulin?
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To lower blood glucose concentration
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To raise blood glucose concentration
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To break down glycogen to glucose
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To increase urine production
Question 6
What is the role of glucagon?
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To raise blood glucose concentration
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To lower blood glucose concentration
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To convert glucose into glycogen
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To increase sweating
Question 7
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does what?
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Produces little or no insulin
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Produces too much insulin
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Stops producing glucagon only
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Cannot digest starch
Question 8
What is type 2 diabetes often linked to?
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Reduced response of body cells to insulin
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Total absence of glucagon from birth
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Inability to produce red blood cells
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Lack of ADH release from kidneys
Question 9
How can many cases of Type 2 diabetes risk be reduced?
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By regular exercise and a balanced diet
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By stopping all carbohydrate intake forever
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By taking antibiotics routinely
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By avoiding all proteins
Question 10
What happens to skin blood vessels when body temperature is too high?
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They dilate to increase heat loss
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They constrict to reduce heat loss
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They close completely
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They carry only deoxygenated blood
Question 11
What happens to skin blood vessels when body temperature is too low?
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They constrict to reduce heat loss
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They dilate to increase heat loss
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They secrete sweat onto skin
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They open valves to raise blood glucose
Question 12
Why does sweating help cool the body?
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Evaporation transfers energy away from the skin
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Sweat absorbs oxygen from air
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Sweat blocks blood flow to skin
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Sweat produces glucose in epidermal cells
Question 13
Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the kidneys?
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ADH
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Insulin
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Glucagon
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Thyroxine
Question 14
If blood water concentration is low, what happens to ADH release?
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Increases
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Decreases to zero
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Stays unchanged always
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Switches to insulin release
Question 15
When ADH level is high, what is urine usually like?
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Low volume and more concentrated
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High volume and very dilute
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High glucose and low urea
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Completely free of water
Question 16
What is the main function of the kidneys?
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To regulate water and ion balance and remove urea
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To produce bile for fat digestion
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To pump blood to the lungs
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To produce red blood cells directly
Question 17
What is urea produced from in the liver?
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Excess amino acids
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Excess glucose
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Excess fatty acids
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Excess oxygen
Question 18
In kidney failure, what is dialysis mainly used to do?
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Remove waste substances and restore ion and water balance
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Increase insulin production
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Destroy red blood cells
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Make antibodies against pathogens
Question 19
Why can kidney transplants be preferable to long-term dialysis for some patients?
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They can restore more normal kidney function and quality of life
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They guarantee no need for immunosuppressants
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They remove all infection risk permanently
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They prevent any chance of organ rejection
Question 20
What is a negative feedback mechanism?
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A control response that counteracts a change and returns conditions toward normal
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A response that amplifies the original change
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A response that occurs only in plants
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A response that happens without receptors