Question 1
Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere today?
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Nitrogen
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Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide
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Argon only in traces
Question 2
Roughly what percentage of Earth's atmosphere is oxygen?
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About \(21\%\)
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About \(78\%\)
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About \(50\%\)
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Less than \(1\%\)
Question 3
Which gas is a major greenhouse gas?
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Carbon dioxide
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Nitrogen
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Helium
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Neon
Question 4
What is the greenhouse effect?
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Warming caused when greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation
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Cooling caused when ozone reflects all sunlight
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Heating from UV only with no gases involved
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Only local warming inside cities
Question 5
Which human activity is a major source of extra carbon dioxide?
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Burning fossil fuels
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Condensation of water vapor
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Earthquakes only
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Planting trees
Question 6
What is a fossil fuel?
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A fuel formed from ancient organic material over millions of years
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Any fuel made from metal ores
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A fuel made only in laboratories
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A fuel that contains no carbon
Question 7
Which of these is a fossil fuel?
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Natural gas
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Hydrogen
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Bioethanol
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Solar energy
Question 8
How does photosynthesis affect atmospheric carbon dioxide?
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It removes carbon dioxide from the air
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It releases carbon dioxide as the main product
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It has no effect on carbon dioxide
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It only affects oxygen at night
Question 9
Which process returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
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Respiration
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Photosynthesis
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Condensation
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Filtration
Question 10
The carbon cycle describes?
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How carbon compounds move between air, oceans, living things and rocks/fuels
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Only how carbon forms diamonds
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Only carbon movement in volcanoes
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How oxygen cycles through metals only
Question 11
Why can deforestation increase atmospheric carbon dioxide?
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Fewer trees are available to absorb carbon dioxide by photosynthesis
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Trees mainly release oxygen and carbon dioxide equally at all times
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Cut trees absorb more carbon dioxide than living trees
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Deforestation only affects nitrogen levels
Question 12
What is acid rain mainly caused by?
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Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolving in rainwater
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Carbon monoxide dissolving in rainwater only
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Pure oxygen in clouds
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Helium from balloons
Question 13
What is one environmental effect of acid rain?
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Damage to lakes, soil and stone buildings
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Increased ozone layer thickness only
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More nitrogen in clean air
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Lower sea level immediately
Question 14
Particulate pollutants can mainly cause?
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Respiratory health problems
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Faster photosynthesis in all plants
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Permanent increase in oxygen percentage
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No effect on health
Question 15
Why are catalytic converters fitted to many petrol cars?
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To reduce harmful exhaust gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides
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To increase sulfur dioxide emissions
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To make fuel burn at a lower temperature only
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To produce oxygen from nitrogen
Question 16
How can renewable energy help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
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It can generate electricity with less carbon dioxide from fuel combustion
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It always releases more carbon dioxide than coal
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It removes all greenhouse gases instantly
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It increases methane from all sources
Question 17
Which statement about Earth's early atmosphere is most accurate?
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It likely had very little oxygen and more carbon dioxide than today
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It had more oxygen than today from the start
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It was mostly helium and neon
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Its composition has never changed
Question 18
What increased oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere over geological time?
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Photosynthetic organisms such as algae and plants
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Combustion of fossil fuels
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Thermal decomposition of limestone
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Industrial catalytic converters
Question 19
Which equation represents complete combustion of methane?
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + 2\mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{CO} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\)
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} \to \mathrm{C} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\)
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\(2\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to 2\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
Question 20
A student says "greenhouse gases are always pollutants". What is the best response?
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Some greenhouse effect is natural and necessary, but increasing levels can cause climate change
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All greenhouse gases are man-made and unnecessary
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Greenhouse gases have no effect on temperature
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Only oxygen is a greenhouse gas
Question 21
Which gas makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere today?
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Nitrogen
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Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide
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Argon
Question 22
Roughly what percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen?
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About \(21\%\)
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About \(78\%\)
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About \(50\%\)
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About \(1\%\)
Question 23
What is thought to have been a major source of gases in Earth's early atmosphere?
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Volcanic activity
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Combustion engines
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Photosynthesis from forests
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Nuclear power stations
Question 24
Compared with today, Earth's early atmosphere likely had?
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Much less oxygen and more carbon dioxide
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More oxygen and less carbon dioxide
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No nitrogen at all
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Only noble gases
Question 25
How did oxygen levels in the atmosphere increase over time?
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Photosynthetic algae and plants released oxygen
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Volcanoes released oxygen directly
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Combustion of fossil fuels increased oxygen
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Oxygen formed from nitrogen without reactions
Question 26
What is the greenhouse effect?
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Warming when greenhouse gases absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation
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Cooling due to ozone blocking all sunlight
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Heating only from UV radiation with no gases involved
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Heat from the Earth escaping faster into space
Question 27
Which gas is a major greenhouse gas produced by complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
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Carbon dioxide
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Nitrogen
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Hydrogen
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Argon
Question 28
Which gas is mainly produced by incomplete combustion of fuels?
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Carbon monoxide
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Oxygen
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Nitrogen dioxide
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Sulfur trioxide
Question 29
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
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It reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen
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It rapidly increases oxygen in blood
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It is non-toxic in enclosed spaces
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It only affects metals, not people
Question 30
Which pollutants are major causes of acid rain?
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Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
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Carbon dioxide and methane
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Oxygen and nitrogen
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Hydrogen and chlorine
Question 31
What is a major environmental effect of acid rain?
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Damage to ecosystems and stone buildings
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Increased soil pH everywhere
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Instant increase in global oxygen
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Formation of only harmless salts
Question 32
Particulate matter from diesel engines is linked to which health problem?
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Respiratory health problems
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Improved lung function
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No measurable health effects
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Reduced cardiovascular risk
Question 33
What do catalytic converters mainly do?
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Reduce emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons
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Increase sulfur dioxide emissions
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Produce oxygen directly from nitrogen
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Remove carbon dioxide completely from exhaust
Question 34
What is a carbon footprint?
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The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an activity or product
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The mass of carbon in one human foot
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Only emissions from cars
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Only emissions from electricity generation
Question 35
Which action can reduce an individual's carbon footprint?
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Using less fossil-fuel energy and improving efficiency
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Burning more coal at home
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Driving more short trips in traffic
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Leaving appliances on continuously
Question 36
What is a limitation when predicting future climate change?
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Climate systems are complex and projections include uncertainty
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No climate data exists
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Atmospheric composition never changes
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Computer models cannot use measurements
Question 37
What does the carbon cycle include?
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Processes that move carbon between atmosphere, oceans, rocks and living organisms
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Only carbon in fossil fuels
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Only photosynthesis and no other processes
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Only carbon dioxide dissolved in rain
Question 38
Which equation represents complete combustion of methane?
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + 2\mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{CO} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\)
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{C} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
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\(2\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to 2\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
Question 39
Which statement about methane as a greenhouse gas is correct?
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Methane is a greenhouse gas and contributes to climate change
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Methane has no effect on infrared radiation
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Methane is not released by human activity
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Methane is always converted to oxygen immediately
Question 40
Why is reducing sulfur content in fuels beneficial?
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It reduces sulfur dioxide emissions and acid rain
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It increases carbon monoxide formation
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It raises nitrogen oxide emissions
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It removes the need for catalytic converters