Question 1
What is an ecosystem?
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A community of organisms interacting with each other and their environment
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A group containing only plants in one area
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A single food chain with no decomposers
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A habitat containing only abiotic factors
Question 2
In a food chain, what is a producer?
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An organism that makes its own food, usually by photosynthesis
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An organism that eats producers
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An organism that breaks down dead material
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An organism that hunts top predators
Question 3
Which organism is most likely a primary consumer in a grassland food chain?
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Rabbit
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Grass
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Fox
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Fungus
Question 4
What is the main role of decomposers such as fungi and bacteria?
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To break down dead organisms and waste
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To convert oxygen into carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
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To pollinate flowers directly
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To produce sunlight for plants
Question 5
In a food chain, what does an arrow show?
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Direction of energy transfer
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Direction of animal movement
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Direction of wind speed
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Where reproduction occurs
Question 6
Why are food webs often more useful than single food chains?
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They show multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem
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They only include plants and decomposers
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They show exactly one route for energy flow
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They remove the need to identify producers
Question 7
Which statement best describes interdependence in an ecosystem?
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Organisms rely on each other for resources and survival
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Organisms can survive equally well in isolation
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Only predators depend on other species
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Only plants depend on abiotic factors
Question 8
Why are insect pollinators important for many crop plants?
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They transfer pollen, allowing fertilisation and seed/fruit production
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They provide mineral ions directly to roots
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They increase chlorophyll production at night
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They decompose all dead plant material
Question 9
If a top predator is removed from a food web, what is most likely first?
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Numbers of its prey may increase
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All producers disappear immediately
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Decomposers stop functioning
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Carbon dioxide levels become zero
Question 10
When does competition between organisms happen?
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When they need the same limited resources
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When resources are unlimited for all species
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When predators have no prey available
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When only one species is present in a habitat
Question 11
Which is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
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Light intensity
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Predation
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Competition
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Disease caused by bacteria
Question 12
Which is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
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Availability of food organisms
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Soil pH
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Temperature
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Rainfall
Question 13
Why can a thicker fur coat be an adaptation in a cold habitat?
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It reduces heat loss
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It increases water loss from skin
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It speeds up diffusion of oxygen in blood
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It allows photosynthesis in mammals
Question 14
How is a cactus leaf adaptation linked to dry habitats?
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Leaves are reduced to spines to lower water loss
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Leaves are broad and thin to increase evaporation
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Leaves absorb mineral ions from air
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Leaves become transparent to stop photosynthesis
Question 15
What does biodiversity describe?
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The variety of living organisms in an area
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Only the number of top predators
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Only the mass of plants in a field
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The total amount of sunlight received
Question 16
Why is high biodiversity often beneficial for ecosystem stability?
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More species can make food webs more resilient to change
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It guarantees no competition between species
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It prevents all disease transmission
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It removes abiotic limiting factors
Question 17
What is bioaccumulation of toxic materials?
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Build-up of toxins in organisms over time
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Breakdown of toxins into glucose in cells
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Transfer of toxins only from predators to plants
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Rapid loss of toxins after every meal
Question 18
Why can top predators have the highest toxin concentration in a food web?
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Toxins can become more concentrated at each trophic level
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Top predators drink the least water
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Top predators produce toxins by photosynthesis
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Toxins are only made in top predator cells
Question 19
Which field method is commonly used to estimate plant population in grassland?
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Quadrat sampling
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Microscope lens calibration
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X-ray scanning
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Blood pressure measurement
Question 20
How can an invasive species affect native species in a habitat?
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It may outcompete them for resources
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It always increases native biodiversity
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It removes all abiotic factors
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It turns consumers into producers